4 categories de divorces Essays - Politics Of France, Free Essays

4 categories de divorces Essays - Politics Of France, Free Essays 4 categories de divorces Divorce par consentement mutuel: plus de passage devant le juge depuis le 1er janvier 2017. C'est a la demande de l'enfant mineur au pres de ses parents qu'il iraient devant le juge (critique). Dans d'autres pays de l'UE le recours au juge est obligatoire lorsqu'il y a un enfant mineur. Chacun doit avoir son propre avocat. Ils sont charges de rediger un acte contresigne par les avocats et ensuite soumis au notaire depose au rend des minutes. On passe ensuite par un huissier de justice. Pas susceptible d'appel. Divorce contentieux: soit pas d'accord sur la consequences du divorce soit pas d'accord sur le principe du divorce. (Divorce pour alteration definitive du lien conjugal, divorce pour faute, divorce accepte) Divorce pour faute: l'infidelite n'est pas une faute. Admis de plus en plus rare et sa principale faute c'est les cas de violences. Divorce accepte: il est demande par un des epoux en justice, l'autre et d'accord mais pas sur les consequences tires. Divorce pour alteration definitive du lien conjugal: separation depuis plus de deux ans. I) une appreciation concreto des juges A) la vie du couple comme element de reference B) Les souffrances envisages par la rupture pour refuser de prononcer le divorce II) la suprematie de la volonte de divorcer A) la prise en compte de la situation du demandeur a l'action B) Le sacrifice de l'engagement cultuel au detriment de la vie du couple Dissertation: I) Le mutus disensus cle de voute de la convention entre epoux. A) Le role preeminent laisse aux avocats et aux notaires. B) LE sort de l'enfant laisse a l'appreciation des epoux. II) L'absence nefaste de tiers a la convention A) Le contentieux ne de la convention et ses consequences B) Le desengagement de l'Etat au titre d'interets economiques.

Free Essays on Evidences Of Evolution

Evidences of Evolution Student body, I have written a paper on evolution. I hope you take notice in this article and give evolution a chance. Many of you don’t believe in evolution. Well take this chance to give it another thought. First and foremost, you have to look at structural adaptation and anatomy. There are homologous structures, what they are is structure with the same evolutionary background, but work in different ways today. And example of this would be the forelimb bone of a whale, crocodile, and a bird wing. They look the same but don’t do the same thing. Another trace of evidence is a vestigial structure. This is a body part that has no meaning today, but may have been used in earlier life forms. An example of this would be the eyes of blind mole rats. No mole rat can see, why do they have eyes then? Because an earlier mole rat may have had sight. So this shows that mole rats have evolved. Next is biochemistry. This is where life can only form from life. So this leads to the fact that life has come from life, and if the first life was very small microorganisms, then everything must have evolved from them. Life can’t form of non-living things, so that means this theory must be true. This is big evidence of evolution. This proves that microorganism where the first on the plant, and that we can only evolve off of them, so I believe this is a great supporter of evolution. Following this, there is fossil evidence that leads to evolution. This is for those who say that there were no microorganisms. There are these things called fossils, and they are clues to the past. They show what other organisms once walked the earth. And there are many ways that a fossil can come about. All these fossils show that there are a variety of different ways for and organism to die, which means there is many ways for them to be born, which leads me to this. A variety of organisms mean there are many ways that many organisms c... Free Essays on Evidences Of Evolution Free Essays on Evidences Of Evolution Evidences of Evolution Student body, I have written a paper on evolution. I hope you take notice in this article and give evolution a chance. Many of you don’t believe in evolution. Well take this chance to give it another thought. First and foremost, you have to look at structural adaptation and anatomy. There are homologous structures, what they are is structure with the same evolutionary background, but work in different ways today. And example of this would be the forelimb bone of a whale, crocodile, and a bird wing. They look the same but don’t do the same thing. Another trace of evidence is a vestigial structure. This is a body part that has no meaning today, but may have been used in earlier life forms. An example of this would be the eyes of blind mole rats. No mole rat can see, why do they have eyes then? Because an earlier mole rat may have had sight. So this shows that mole rats have evolved. Next is biochemistry. This is where life can only form from life. So this leads to the fact that life has come from life, and if the first life was very small microorganisms, then everything must have evolved from them. Life can’t form of non-living things, so that means this theory must be true. This is big evidence of evolution. This proves that microorganism where the first on the plant, and that we can only evolve off of them, so I believe this is a great supporter of evolution. Following this, there is fossil evidence that leads to evolution. This is for those who say that there were no microorganisms. There are these things called fossils, and they are clues to the past. They show what other organisms once walked the earth. And there are many ways that a fossil can come about. All these fossils show that there are a variety of different ways for and organism to die, which means there is many ways for them to be born, which leads me to this. A variety of organisms mean there are many ways that many organisms c...

Chapter Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chapter - Coursework Example Therefore, based on this rule it is clear evidence that Daddy was guilty of doing an illegal thing to Alison and Meredith (Friedland, Bergman, & Taslitz, 2015). Student 2: As a defence Attorney, my arguments against allegations made by Alison to my client, Daddy, do not hold substantial ground for accusation. Alison does not have any prove to show that Daddy was guilty. Daddy was silent because he did not want to create an embarrassing scene in the presence of the visitors by arguing with his son, Alison. Student 3: As a judge my ruling on this case is that under Rule 104.The accused has the burden of proving innocent. If he/she remains silent, it is an indication that one is guilty. The burden consists of the following elements namely; the accused must hear the statement and understand it. The statement must be within the party’s personal knowledge. Finally, the accused party must deny the allegations if they are not true. In this case, Daddy was guilty because he violated all the above burden of proof (Friedland, Bergman, & Taslitz, 2015). The facts as presented are that Paul is a prosecution witness in a robbery charge against his friend John whom together with George and Ringo, typically played a game of poker together. It is during one of the poker game sessions that Paul teased John on a rumor that was circulated that he had engaged in a bank robbery incident. Paul requests for a share of the loot, but John is mute about it. The prosecutor seeks to rely on John’s silence as proof of guilt. The accused is cross-examined by both counsels (Friedland, Bergman, & Taslitz, 2015). Student 1: As the defense attorney, the other foundational I would seek to establish are whether in teasing each other while playing the soccer games do the guys put more emphasis on the truth of every allegation? If the answer is to the negative is there normally an intention to spoil one another’s reputation as a friend? What is the reputation of John in the

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Journal - Essay Example The crime involved an internet fraud ring used to infect millions of computers internationally. Six Estonian nationals who used a virus called DNSChanger to infect millions of computers and manipulate computers without the awareness of the computer owners committed the crime. The criminals manipulated websites dealing with advertisements and managed to obtain more than $14 million. Additionally, the infected computers were prone to infection by other types of malicious malware (FBI, 2011). I found the story interesting due to the manner in which the criminals used the malware to manipulate advertisement websites. Additionally, the crime was widespread since it affected over 4 million computers. The cyber thieves used the malware to redirect users requesting to purchase objects online to a website they had developed. This depicts the sophisticated nature of cybercrimes. The website purported to sell similar goods. Additionally, the malicious DNS altered searches by users and endorsed fake products. People would thus purchase goods unknowingly but would never get the deliveries. The case depicted how the levels of cybercrimes have increased. Additionally, the case validates the need for protection of advertisement websites. To resolve the issue the FBI investigators had to replace the DNS servers with legitimate servers. The crime also demonstrated the increased usage of computer forensics in dealing with crimes. The fraud led to development of DNSChanger virus scan and removal software that can be used to disinfect computers that had been shut from internet connection (FBI, 2011). Operation Phish Phry Operation Phish Phry is another example of a cyber-fraud committed in 2009 by group of about 100 cyber criminals. The fraud targeted banks in U.S. and was investigated by United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in conjunction with Egyptian authorities and Los Angeles Electronic Crimes Task Force. The cyber thieves used email fraud to obtain sensitive in formation such as usernames, passwords, and other financial information from users. They would send emails that appeared official to the victims asking them to submit their bank account details. On entering the details, the user’s information would be directed to an untrusted websites without their knowledge where they give their information that would accessible to the tricksters. The frauds would then use the information to transfer funds from the user’s bank accounts to bogus accounts. About $1.5 million was stolen (Federal Bureau of Investigations , 2009). The crime interested me since it demonstrated how competition in development of software has led to increase in cybercrimes. Additionally, the crime was recognized as the cyber-crime with the highest number of defendants in the computer crime history. The crime involved competition between law enforcers and the criminals. Additionally, the crime demonstrated the increasing misuse of technological advances in crim e enhancement. The cybercrime was conducted by criminal operation within United States and their counterparts were in Egypt. This depicts the extent to which cybercrimes have become complicated. Unlike other crimes that are often conducted by people operating within same locality, cybercrimes can involve people located anywhere across the globe. This case depicts the need for law enforcers to advance their computer forensic technologies to be able to

Analysis of an Ethical Conflict in Practice Research Paper

Analysis of an Ethical Conflict in Practice - Research Paper Example I personally believe that based on the various ethical principles, that assisted suicide must not be legalized. Measures to resist its passage into law are being proposed in this paper, along with active measures to advocate for patient’s lives – not their death. Physician-assisted suicide is one of the most controversial issues in health care today. It is an issue which straddles both the legal and ethical planes of health care practice; it is also an issue which is not likely to be fully resolved even with the application of legal provisions and accepted ethical principles. This paper shall discuss the ethical issues in assisted suicide. It shall identify its stakeholders, along with their claims and interests. This paper shall also describe this student’s final ethical position on the resolution of the conflict. A specific moral action shall also be presented in this paper in the hope of coming up with a clear and comprehensive understanding of this subject matter. Physician-assisted suicide is defined as the â€Å"voluntary termination of one’s own life by the administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician† (Medicine.net, 2004). It is the practice of giving a fully competent patient medication in order to end his or her life. The state of Oregon is the only state in the US which has legalized this practice. It has allowed terminally ill residents to receive and obtain prescriptions from their physicians and later to take these medications to end their lives. Assisted suicide is a practice which is differentiated from euthanasia in the sense that, in euthanasia, the physician is the one who administers the medication in order to end the patient’s life. There may or may not be knowledge or consent on the patient’s part. In assisted suicide, the will and request to commit suicide comes from the patients, and the physician’s role is to assists in the process (Medicine. net,

psychological disorders, symptoms, and possible causes

psychological disorders, symptoms, and possible causes A psychological disorder can occur at any stage in ones life and to anyone. Much like a physical disease such as cancer, they do not discriminate. In our society, there seems to be certain stigmas and stereotypes attached to psychological disorders (although there is more understanding in recent years) and counseling for them, even though many may be overcome, or at least managed in this way, and this is needed for not just your mind or emotional health, but also for your whole self , as your physical wellness is directly related to your mind and emotions. Sometimes referred to as the Bible of Psychiatry, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is a manual that contains all the mental health disorders, the cause, prognosis, and treatment methods for each disorder. It is used to better understand the patients illness and needs, as well as treatment options. It is published by the American Psychiatric Association and uses a multidimensional approach to reach a diagnosis. The five dimensions are clinical syndromes, developmental disorders and personality disorders, physical condition, severity of psychological stressors, and highest level of functioning. The previous classification system, which is not current but still relevant to some classes, were two main categories: neurosis and psychosis. Neurosis is characterized by anxiety, often resulting from inner conflict. Psychosis is characterized by loss of contact with reality, delusional, irrational thoughts, and/or hallucinations. These have been replaced with specific classifications. The Anxiety Disorders, with the main feature in this category being abnormal or inappropriate anxiety which occurs when ones heart races, breathing increases, and muscles tense without any reason for them to do so, include the following: 1) Acute Stress Disorder- results from traumatic event in which the person responded with intense fear and helplessness. Symptoms include detachment, re-experiencing event, and significant anxiety. The disorder may resolve itself, or medication and therapy may be useful in preventing development of more serious disorder. Prognosis is very good. 2) Agoraphobia- generalized fear of being in places difficult to escape or embarrassing and without help is panic attack occurs. Prognosis is good when there is insight to development and with realization the fears are irrational. 3) Generalized Anxiety Disorder- overwhelming anxiety not related to specific event. Medication and therapy helpful to regain control over symptoms. Prognosis is good, however, underlying issues are more difficult to treat. 4) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder- biological and psychological causes. Prognosis depends on response to medication and how deeply rooted the underlying issues are. 5) Panic Disorder- sudden attacks of intense fear. Treatment includes relaxation exercises and working through underlying issues. Prognosis is good if not left untreated to worsen and develop into Agoraphobia. 6) Phobias- extreme anxiety and fear associated with the object, situation, or avoidance that is disruptive to everyday functions. With behavioral therapy, prognosis is good. 7) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder- re-experiencing the traumatic event through nightmares, obsessive thoughts, and flashbacks, along with avoidance to anything that reminds the person of that event. Prognosis is moderate to good. Some can be treated with anxiety medication, but primarily psychological treatment. The category of Adjustment Disorders include Unspecified, with Anxiety, with Depressed Mood, with Disturbance of Conduct, with Mixed Anxiety and Depressed Mood, and with Mixed Disturbance of Emotions and Conduct. All of these disorders relate to a more difficult adjustment to a life situation than would normally be expected. Another category is called Dissociative Disorders, including Amnesia-loss of memory due to psychological factors, Dissociative Fugue- person disappears, forgets identity and past and begins a new life, Identity (known formerly as Multiple Personality Disorder), and Depersonalization Disorder. These include a disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. Eating Disorders is another category of psychological disorders. They include Anorexia Nervosa, known for failure to maintain body weight of at least 85% of what is expected, fear of losing control over weight, and typically a distorted body image. Bulimia Nervosa includes bingeing and purging. Impulse Control Disorders include the failure or extreme difficulty in controlling impulses despite the negative consequences. Included in these disorders is Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Kleptomania (stealing), Pathological Gambling, Pyromania (fire setting), Trichotillomania (recurrent pulling out of ones own hair). Mood Disorders include Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive)- mania at one extreme to major depression at the other, cycling between two extremes for days, weeks, or months, Cyclothymic Disorder, Dysthymic Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder. The primary symptom in this category is a disturbance of mood which is inappropriate, and exaggerated or a limited range of feelings. Feelings are to the extreme, having excess energy where sleep is not needed for days at a time, and during this time the decision making process is hindered. Paraphilias and Sexual disorders involve distressing and repetitive sexual fantasies, urges and behaviors that negatively impact ones life as they feel they are unable to control them. These include Exhibitionism, Fetishism, Frotteurism, Pedophilia, Sexual Masochism, Sexual Sadism, Transvestic Fetishism, and Voyeurism. Sexual Dysfunctions is the impairment in normal sexual functioning. This includes Dyspareunia, Female Orgasmic Disorder, Female Sexual Arousal Disorder, Gender Identity Disorder, Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder, Male Erectile Disorder, Male Orgasmic Disorder, Premature Ejaculation, Sexual Aversion Disorder, and Vaginismus. Primary Sleep Disorders are divided into Dyssomnias (related to amount, quality, and timing of sleep) and Parasomnias (abnormal behavior or psychological events that occur during sleep or sleep-wake transitions). Dyssomnias include Primary Insomnia, Primary Hypersomnia, and Narcolepsy. Parasomnias include Nightmare Disorder, Sleep Terror Disorder, and Sleepwalking Disorder. The major symptom of another category called Psychotic Disorders is psychosis, or delusions and hallucinations. Included in this category is Brief Psychotic Disorder, Delusional Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizpphreniform, Shared Psychotic Disorder, and Schizophrenia ( split mind)- not all symptoms are present at once, including hearing voices, hallucinating, disordered thought, attentional difficulties, delusions, and catatonia (person freezes and appears to be in a trance). Prognosis is dependent on the age of onset and ranging from good to poor. Somatoform Disorders are those where symptoms suggest a medical condition but where no medical condition can be found by a physician. Included in this is Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Conversion Disorder (hysteria), Hypochondriasis Disorder (hypochondriac), Pain Disorder, and Somatization Disorder. There are two disorders in this category: Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence. A substance can be anything that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter ones senses, or otherwise affect functioning. The most common substance thought of in this category is alcohol although other drugs, such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin, ecstasy, special-K, and crack, are also included. Probably the most abused substances, caffeine and nicotine, are also included although rarely thought of in this manner. Personality Disorders are mental illnesses that share several unique qualities. They contain symptoms that are enduring and play a major role in most, sometimes all, aspects of the persons life. While many disorders vary in terms of symptom presence and intensity, personality disorders usually remain constant. To be diagnosed with a disorder in this category, a psychologist will look for the following criteria: Symptoms have been present for an extended period of time, are inflexible and pervasive, and are not a result of alcohol or drugs or another psychiatric disorder. The history of symptoms can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood. The symptoms have caused and continue to cause significant distress or negative consequences in different aspects of the persons life. Symptoms are seen in at least two of the following areas: Thoughts (ways of looking at the world, thinking about self or others, and interacting), Emotions (appropriateness, intensity, and range of emotional functioning), Interpersonal Functioning (relationships and interpersonal skills), and Impulse Control. Disorders in this category are Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Through the biological perspective that is adopted from a medical approach and typically regards a malfunctioning brain as the cause of abnormal behavior. Many factors are considered to be potential causes of biological dysfunction, ranging from head injury to poor nutrition. Genetics, evolution, and viral infection are areas that have received a great deal of attention. Treatments by biological practitioners utilize psychotropic medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and neurosurgery. The psychodynamic theory regards human behavior to be determined by underlying psychological influences that usually are unconscious. These influences (also called forces) are dynamic -the relationship between them gives rise to behavior. Abnormal symptoms are created when conflicts arise in this relationship. This theory states that all behavior is determined by childhood events and past experience. Treatment then consists of psychoanalysis, which involves bringing into conscious awareness the traumatic childhood conflicts that have been repressed, and resulting in resolution. The behavioral model of psychopathology suggests that abnormal responses, particularly phobias, were formed through a conditioning process, and also can be treated through new learning- a process known as behavior therapy. Abnormal functioning, according to cognitive theorists, is explained by realizing that everyone creates their view of the world that comprises their reality. If the view of an individual is flawed then unhealthy thoughts create dysfunctional behavior. Treatment with this approach involves therapy sessions which work to change a clients self-defeating beliefs and behaviors by showing their irrationality. It is believed that through rational analysis, people can understand their errors in light of the irrational beliefs and then construct a more rational way of seeing themselves, their world, and the events in their lives. The sociocultural approach holds that abnormal behavior is caused by the role that society and culture play in an individuals life. It considers societal norms, roles in the social environment, cultural background, family, and views of others. Sociocultural theorists focus on labels and rules of society, social networks, family structure, communication, cultural influences, and religious beliefs. These are the signs of mental illness are arranged into six categories: thinking, feeling, socializing, functioning, problems at home and poor self-care. These are symptoms of psychological disorders and none by themselves mean necessarily there is mental illness, such as bipolar disorder or depression. However, two or three of these signs of mental illness may indicate a type of psychological disorder. Psychotherapy and psychiatric medication are the two major treatment options as are social interventions, peer support and self-help. In some cases there may be involuntary detention and involuntary treatment. Stigma and discrimination add to the suffering associated with the disorders, and have led to social movements for change. The field of Global Mental Health has recently emerged and has been defined as the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving mental health and achieving equity in mental health for all people worldwide. Diagnostic practice in mental health services typically involves an interview where judgments are made of the appearance and behavior, self-reported symptoms, mental health history, and current life circumstances. The views of relatives or other third parties may be taken into account. A physical exam to check for ill health or the effects of medications or other drugs may be conducted. Psychological testing is sometimes used via paper-and-pen or computerized questionnaires, and in rare specialist cases neuroimaging tests may be requested, but these methods are more commonly found in research studies than routine clinical practice. Extreme mental illness, insanity, or psychotic disorders are defined by actions that fall out of the realm of normal human behavior. Standards of acceptability for behaviors vary with culture. When trying to determine if an eccentricity is a psychological disorder or simply immature or odd behavior, it is compared to the four factors commonly used to establish psychological dis orders. They are as follows: 1. Atypical behavior -that is psychologically disordered is outside the range of normal human behavior, which is defined by the culture or community. Just being different isnt enough to consider insanity or a psychological disorder. 2. Disturbing others. People are usually disturbed by insanity or psychological disorders, whether its excessively worrying about your son or being directly affected by harmful behavior. Whether a behavior is disturbing or abnormal may be subject to the culture, situation, and even the decade or century. 3. Maladaptive thoughts or behavior-often behaviors that dont allow people to adapt to life successfully. For example, hearing voices or being unable to leave the house because of an extreme fear. 4. Unjustifiable behavior-Certain abnormal behaviors arent seen as possible, believable, or supportable which means a mental health problem may be present. If an abnormal behavior is unjustifiable, its more likely to be a psychological disorder. After proper diagnosis, prognosis depends on the disorder, the individual and a number of other factors. Some disorders are for a short while and others may last a lifetime. Some disorders may be limited in their functional effects, while others may involve substantial disability and support needs. The degree of ability or disability may vary across different life domains. Continued disability has been linked to institutionalization, discrimination and social exclusion as well as to the properties of disorders. Some disorders are linked to increased rates of attempted and/or completed suicide or self-harm especially if intervention does not take place. Even though often characterized in negative terms, some mental states labeled as disorders can also involve above-average creativity, non-conformity, goal-striving, meticulousness, or empathy. Also the way the public sees and responds to disorders can change.

Nutrition for Infants, Children, and Adolescents Essay -- Papers Healt

Nutrition for Infants, Children, and Adolescents Works Cited Not INcluded Each child is a unique individual whose heredity and environment shape the course of his or her life. Woven into the daily life are aspects of food and nutrition. What childhood memories of food do you have? Are these memories healthy or unhealthy? Foods and their nutrients are essential to life. In the beginning years of life an infant’s nutritional health depends on the family unit. Parents must have knowledge of the changing food needs of the child and must also have sufficient resources to provide food, shelter, and clothing for the family. Equally important, parents create the cultural and psychological environment that influences the development of food habits, setting the patterns for later years. During the preschool years some children depend solely on family caregivers for their nutritional needs. For other preschooler children the responsibility for meeting nutritional needs is shared by the family and others, such as caregivers in child-care centers and babysitters. The child entering school becomes influenced by teachers and peers, and learns to broaden his or her experiences with food. For many people, the adolescent years often are turbulent as the teenager seeks independence and freedom from adult rules and standards. In this research, I will focus on nutrition, in retrospect to growth and development in infants, preschoolers, school children and adolescents. Infants Infants vary widely in their growth patterns, so it would be unwise to compare one infant with another. Yet there is value in being familiar with typical patterns of growth and development. At birth, the fetus makes an abrupt transition to... ...oisoning can be harmful, obesity occurs, and hyperactivity can result. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Preadolescents and Adolescents A third and final period of rapid growth and metabolism occurs during this stage. At this stage, teenagers have many interest in their physical and emotional development. For example, important topics are the size and shape of their bodies; their complexion, their overall appearance; and physical activity. Girls express a particular need for a good figure, healthy skin, and beautiful hair. Boys are more likely to be interested in tall stature, muscular development, and athletic vigor and stamina. The RDA’s for adolescents are somewhat higher than those for adults men and women, with corresponding higher allowances for most vitamins and minerals. These increases are to satisfy the increased nutrient needs caused by their adolescent growth spurt.

Christian Symbolism in the Old Man and the Sea

Christian Symbolism in The Old Man and the Sea Christian symbolism, especially images that refer to the crucifixion of Christ, is present throughout The Old Man and the Sea. Hemingway’s novel can be construed as an allusion to the Bible and the struggles of Jesus. Told simply and sparely, the contest between the old Cuban fisherman Santiago and a giant marlin is often seen as emblematic of human endurance and bravery against nearly overwhelming odds. A man can be destroyed but not defeated', Hemingway maintained. Santiago's story mirrors Christ's insofar as both men suffer greatly and it is, primarily, through the use of crucifixion imagery that Hemingway creates a symbolic parallel between Santiago and Christ, an analogy that elevates Santiago's trials. Hemingway seems to include small, yet noticeable details that allow the reader to relate the novel with the Gospel’s. â€Å"In the first forty days a boy had been with him.But after forty days without a fish the boyâ⠂¬â„¢s parents told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky† (Hemingway 5). To the religious layman, the latter may represent nothing special; however, for those looking for representations of the Bible, this is viewed as the first example in The Old Man and the Sea. Along with the reference of a fish, which the novel is largely centered on, as an ancient Christian symbol, the number forty holds special meaning in holy writings.Such examples of the number forty in reference to religion includes, the Great Flood of the Old Testament which lasted forty days, forty days is also â€Å"the length of time it took Christ to subdue Satan in the desert†, â€Å"fasting and repentance in preparation for Easter† lasts forty days for Christians (â€Å"Lent†). One can easily relate these examples to what occurs in the story. Santiago remains in the sea for forty days once with the boy and again without him, just as N oah did. Christians fast just as Jesus did for forty days which is meant to represent the forty days Santiago has gone without catching a fish since the boy left him.Other numbers that Hemingway uses that are significant in the New and Old Testament are three and seven. â€Å"The Old Man’s trial with the great fish lasts exactly three days; the fish is landed on the seventh attempt; [and] seven sharks are killed†. All throughout the book the old man wishes for salt, a staple seasoning in the human diet. He is a fisherman, similar to Christ's disciples. Hemingway says that Santiago is not a religious man, but he seems to have some faith as shown by his offers to say his â€Å"Hail Marys† and praises if he catches the marlin.He also promises to make a pilgrimage to the Virgin De Cobre if he catches the fish. Pictures of both the Virgin De Cobre and the Scared Heart of Jesus are the only adornments in Santiago’s shack. The pictures were the relics of the lat e wife of Santiago. During the old man’s battle with the marlin, his palms are cut by his fishing cable. Santiago comments on this. â€Å"You’re feeling it now, fish†¦. And so, God knows, am I. † When his hand cramps, he starts to worry about the possibility of sharks and his suffering is evident.Given Santiago’s suffering and willingness to sacrifice his life, the wounds are suggestive of Christ’s stigmata, and Hemingway goes on to portray the old man as a Christ-like martyr. This image of his bleeding hand, in conjunction with his suffering at sea, recalls the image of the hand of Jesus Christ bloodied by the nails used to crucify him. As soon as the sharks arrive, Santiago makes a noise one would make â€Å"feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood. † And the old man’s struggle up the hill to his village with his mast across his shoulders is evocative of Christ’s march toward Calvary.Santiago’s mast , and the cross carried by Jesus are strangely similar in appearance and seem to be synonymous for most critics of the novel: â€Å"[Santiago] started to climb again and at the top he fell and lay for some time with the mast across his shoulders†(90). Santiago would fall four more times before reaching his home; an eerie similarity to the struggle Jesus went through while carrying his cross to Golgotha, the place of the skull. Even after his three days of brutal fishing the old man dutifully carries his mast on his back, Christ-like, before reaching his shack and falling into a deep sleep.One of the final correlations, of Christ’s crucifixion with Santiago is the position Santiago takes in his bed once returning from his quest on the sea: â€Å"[Santiago] slept face down on the newspapers with his arms out straight and the palms of his hands up† (91). One can see a similarity between Santiago’s body position in bed and that of Jesus’ on the cross. When the boy walked into Santiago’s shack the next day, â€Å"he saw the old man’s hands and started to cry† (91). This situation corresponds to how the women and Apostles wept when they saw the holes in Jesus’ hands after he had risen from the tomb.Crucifixion imagery is the most noticeable way in which Hemingway creates the symbolic parallel between Santiago and Christ. Hemingway employs these images in order to link Santiago to Christ, who exemplified transcendence by turning loss into gain, defeat into triumph, and even death into life. In order to suggest the profundity of the old man’s sacrifice and the glory that derives from it, Hemingway purposefully likens Santiago to Christ, who, according to Christian theology, gave his life for the greater glory of humankind.

Sexuality at Different Life Stages Essay

Sexuality at Different Life Stages Essay Free Online Research Papers Sex is the one biological process that is completely necessary for the perpetuation of humankind. We, as a race, can eat well, sleep well, drink well, and even love well, but without the capacity to reproduce we cannot continue beyond a single generation. Yet the reproductive component of sex sometimes takes a backseat to more complicated subjects such as intimacy, love, and sexual gratification when considering sex across different stages of life. Indeed, John Barrymore (n.d.), the great profile, once quipped, Sex: the thing that takes up the least amount of time and causes the most amount of trouble (p. 2). However emotionally and psychologically complicated sexual intercourse might be, sex still maintains a prominent and even necessary position in human lives from adolescences, through disabilities, and into the later years. Anna The earlier a person dates during adolescence the greater chance that they will engage in sex during high school (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Teens who engage in sexual intercourse earlier are also at higher risk for unwanted pregnancies. If a teen is found in the position of unwanted pregnancy and decides to keep the child, then they are more likely to have to abandon school before graduation. Nevertheless, these statistics do not mandate that early adolescent sexual relationships all end in an unwanted pregnancy and the loss of education. Quite the opposite, the aforementioned numbers simply serve to highlight the fact that there is a foreseeable pattern of events that can lead to unwanted, teenage pregnancies. In order to beat the odds certain precautions must be taken to ensure both physical and mental stability throughout the adolescent years and into the young adult years. It might also be  helpful to know that about 24% of teen women sampled in a particular study said that they engaged in sex with their partners only because the other partner wanted to have sex (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). So this situation is not so uncommon. Apparently many young ladies are dealing with exactly what you are dealing with. However, it is absolutely necessary that parents are involved in the discussion of sex in an adolescents life. On the same note, it is also important that parents be open and understanding when addressing concerns of teen sex. The best course of action to take would be to sit down with your parents and have a frank, open conversation about contraception, relationships, and most importantly the young man in your life. Tom and Susan One particularly study maintains that at the age of sixty 94% of men and 84% of women remain sexually active (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Moreover, of those that remain sexually active past sixty 74% of men and 70% of women claim that sexual satisfaction in their later years surpasses their sexual satisfaction in their earlier years. These two statistics serve to illustrate the dual points that sex is not uncommon in those past 60 and that sex is more likely than not to be a satisfying experience for those over 60. As we all know physical changes take place when transitioning from the middle years of our lifes into our later years. For instance, men might find in their later years that it is more difficult to obtain an erection and even more difficult to maintain an erection. Women may discover a drop in vaginal lubrication and elevated vaginal irritation during intercourse. However, like my mother used to say: when life gives you lemons make lemonade. Both the changes in male and female sexuality can become advantages in later years rather than vices. What are the two biggest sexual complaints of young, married couples? What were yours? I have heard many times from men that they lament reaching orgasm so quickly and cant fully enjoy sexual experiences with their partners as a result. Young women have expressed grief that they cannot reach orgasm quick enough during sexual intercourse. Now that you are both more advanced in years you have the opportunity to enjoy sexual intercourse in a much more fulfilling way. Since more stimulation is required for you, Tom, to obtain and maintain an erection you should have plenty of time to enjoy sexual intercourse before reaching orgasm. Likewise, Susan, the decrease in vaginal lubrication will act to make the vaginal walls much more sensitive, which should allow you to reach orgasm much more readily than in your younger years. These changes are a gift, not a curse. Bill Researchers have consistently found that three-quarters of those paralyzed as a result of spinal cord injuries are able to achieve an erection, but only 10% are able to achieve natural ejaculation (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, 2005). This can be explained, in part, because even though feeling has been lost below the waist reflexive erections, those who obtain through direct tactile stimulation of the penis, can be obtained and maintain throughout sexual intercourse. This is possible because the sacral erection center is located in the bottom portion of the spinal cord and is therefore still connected to the male reproductive system. However, if for some reason penile erection cannot be obtained other sexual areas of the body can be utilized for sexual stimulation. Areas such as the ears, neck, and even nipples can produce erotic sensations. Sexuality for those who have incurred spinal cord injuries is quite possible and even desirable when engaging in an intimate relationship with someone. Conclusion In conclusion, the subject of sex encompasses far more areas than just reproduction. Intimacy, sexual gratification, and sexual difficulties all play a prominent role in the discussion of sex as it pertains to adolescence, disabilities, and sex in the later years. As George Burns (n.d.) once said, Sex can be fun after eighty, after ninety, and after lunch! (p. 2). References Barrymore, J. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2008, from Quoteland Website: quoteland.com/author.asp?AUTHOR_ID=1056 Burns, G. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2008, from Quoteland Website: quoteland.com/author.asp?AUTHOR_ID=391 Rathus, S.A., Nevid, J.S., and Fichner-Rathus, L. (2005). Human sexuality in a world of diversity. (6th ed.) Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Research Papers on Sexuality at Different Life Stages EssayJean-Jaques Rousseau EmileSexually Transmitted DiseasesIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment ofThe Broken FamilyChildhood Obesity EssayLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesLogic and Perception EssayThe Equal Rights AmendmentWho has Impacted Your Life the Most EssayCombating Human Trafficking

Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development

Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development Introduction Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development was developed by Erik Erikson and first published in his 1950 book Childhood and Society though he later revised the theory and published it in subsequent books beginning from the late 1950s to the 1980s.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This theory is one of the most recognized theories of personality in the field of psychology, alongside Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual. However, in contrast to Freud’s theory, Erikson’s theory defines the influence of social experience over a person’s entire lifetime. The theory is divided into eight stages spanning from infancy to late adulthood. Psychosocial Stage 1 Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth-2 years) This is the first stage of the Psychosocial theory and focuses around the infant’s basic nee ds being provided by parents or other caregivers. At this phase, the newborn wholly depends on the caregivers for food, care, and love. Their comprehension of the surrounding originates from the parents, for instance, if the parents are affectionate towards the child, their view of the society will positive, but with a lack of affection, the consequence will be a feeling of distrust. Psychosocial Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2-4 years) At this stage, the child develops a greater degree of personal control and starts to explore their surroundings due to improved muscular coordination and mobility. The children also learn to control their own body functions and this results into some level of autonomy. However, the child is still largely dependent on the parents. Through the parents’ support, the children develop their first interests that will go on to influence their careers. However, when the children are constrained, they will instead have doubt and reluctance whe n performing challenging duties. Psychosocial Stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt (4-5 years) This stage mainly occurs at the preschool stage and is characterized by children attempting to comprehend the world around them and learning basic skills. The development of courage and autonomy are what distinguishes this group from the rest. Children who succeed at this stage feel capable and able to take up leadership roles while those who fail to gain the skills have feelings of guilt, lack of confidence, and lack of initiative (Bee and Boyd, 2004). Psychosocial Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority (5-12 years) By interacting with those around them, children at this stage begin to have pride owing to their achievements and skills (Allen Marotz, 2003). They also learn the idea of time and space and are able to put them into practical use. The stage is very crucial to the development of self-confidence that will be of great benefit both at home and at school and this occurs only if the children a re encouraged and commended by their teachers and parents.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychosocial Stage 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion (13-19 years) At this stage, the adolescent/teenager is more concerned with how they are seen by others. One of the major decisions that the group faces is that of settling on a school and occupation. In the latter stages, the children at this psychosocial stage may develop a sexual identity. Erikson came up with the word ‘Identity Crisis’ in which he stated that each stage had its own crisis (Erikson, 1956). However, this crisis is more marked at this stage as it marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. Persons who receive support will come out of this developmental phase with more autonomy and control while those who are not supported will be confused and unsure of themselves (Marcia, 1966). Love: Intim acy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood, 20-24, or 20-40 years) This stage is more marked around the age of 30 and is characterized by young adults trying to explore or establish personal relationships. Young adults spend more time with their identities or friends while those who are rejected or fear rejection become isolated (Erikson, 1950). After establishing their identities, they are prepared to commit long-term intimate and reciprocal relationships to others that can be through friendships or marital agreements. Psychosocial Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation 25-64, or 40-64 years) This is the stage of middle adulthood and the main focus is on career and family. Persons who succeed during this stage will feel that they are positively impacting on the society by being active in their own families and in the community while persons who fail at this phase will have feelings of unproductivity and detachedness from society. Psychosocial Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair (65-death) At this phase, persons are less productive and focus is on the reflection of life. It is during the stage that people reflect on their accomplishments. Those who feel proud of their achievements will â€Å"have a feeling of integrity while those who are unsuccessful of their achievements will have a feeling that their lives have been wasted and are filled with regret† (Erikson, 1950). Influence of Eriksons Psychosocial Theory The psychosocial theory has had a great influence in my life. For instance, being in my 20s, I am in the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage and am currently bent on making long-term relationships as mentioned by Erikson. I am also making friends with persons with whom I share common interests such as career and academic activities. I am trying to establish my career, having decided on a specific career earlier on in my teenage years during the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage. At this moment, I feel proud of my achievements and I attribute this to the support and en couragement I received from my parents and teachers. As mentioned by Erikson, support and provision of affection, care, and warmth to the child by both parents and teachers is crucial to the holistic development of the child.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Allen, E. and Marotz, L. (2003). Developmental Profiles Pre-Birth Through Twelve (4th ed.). Albany, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Bee, H. and Boyd, D. (2004). The Developing Child (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and Society. NY: W. W. Norton Company. Erikson, E. (1956). The problem of ego identity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 4(25), 56-121. Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(14), 551-558.

Journel 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journel 4 - Essay Example t about the menu, but it is written separately in the poem which, I guessed, meant that the poetess wants to talk about everything that she has not got in her life. I guessed that it meant that the joy of reading the menu and fantasizing the food she had ordered was so big that she had forgotten about all the worries of life and whatever she had not been blessed with. I always read a poem by looking at its message that the poet has in mind, and while reading this poem, the same thought of finding the message led me towards Harkin’s convention of significance. I was frustrated at the start when I gave the poem the first go-through, because I was not able to understand what the lines â€Å"It’s when the artichokes†¦and leather† (lines 6-15) meant, and whether they were related to the poem, but a second go-through made me understand that these lines showed the girls’ excitement. The poem is a little unconventional because it is not simple to understand, but is interesting at the same

Investment and Portfolio Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Investment and Portfolio Analysis - Essay Example There was automotive gross cash at June 30, 2007 of $37.4 billion. Ford Motor Company sales and revenue over the last three years has fluctuated tremendously, 2005 was 176.8 billion, 160.1 billion and for the year of 2006 and 172.5 billion for 2007. The current return on investment is -10.4 as of 2007. ( White, 2007). Investment is the commitment of money or capital to purchase financial instruments or other assets in order to gain profitable returns in the form of interest, income, or appreciation of the value of the instrument. (Reilly & Brown). It relates to saving or deferring consumption. Investment is involved in many areas of the economy, such as business management and finance no matter for households, firms, or governments. An investment involves the choice by an individual or an organization such as a pension fund. After some analysis or thought, to place or lend money in a vehicle, instrument or asset, such as property, commodity, stock, bond, financial derivatives (e.g. futures or options), or the foreign asset denominated in foreign currency, that has certain level of risk and provides the possibility of generating returns over a period of time. Investment comes with the risk of the loss of the principal sum. (Myles, 2003) The investment that has not been thoroughly analyzed can be highly risky with respect to the investment owner because the possibility of losing money is not within the owners control. The difference between speculation and investment can be subtle. It depends on the investment owners mind whether the purpose is for lending the resource to someone else for economic purpose or not. Through Investment analysis, an investor is in a good position to understand the trend of performance and the likelihood of getting suitable returns at the end of the investment period. Investment analysis is important to any sound portfolio-management strategy. At most, times, investors find it difficult to carry out