Kant & Deontology Essay Example for Free

Kant Deontology Essay When people think of Ethical Theory then the word morals, respect, and honesty seem to come to mind. Kant devised an ethical theory that is broken down into major elements to explain what he believes is ethical for society to believe. This is where the act of good will comes to existence and the nature of a person’s demeanor comes into how he or she decides what is the right or wrong thing to do. When the laws are put into place to help people know what society has decided what is ethical. Next, would be the decision making process of doing what is right or wrong. Looking at personal gain is not morally correct and having no respect for what is right is hard for a person to decide. He or she must have the decision making process developed or taught to ensure successful outcomes in ethical dilemmas. The major elements of Kant’s ethical theory is a person should not use another as a means to satisfy a personal desire and that morality is based on universal rules much like what is referred as the Golden Rule. The principles of Kantianism have hypothetical and categorical imperatives. We have a duty to ourselves and to others and while we have the ability to rationalize, our actions are not always rational. When using another as a means it should be without coercion or lying and the end should be such that they would be willing to being used. Actions requiring the use of deception are wrong and unjust. One does not make false promises. â€Å"For Kantians, respect for another person is fundamental. The fact that we are rational is of infinite value: we can plan, choose, and anticipate our future. † (Stairs, 1997.Pg 4). In Kantianism, justice ranks higher than happiness and if the act is not unjust then it is not immoral or wrong. Kant thought of â€Å"good will† as a deed done for wise regulation motives from a purpose of responsibility. This instructs and benefits as a categorical imperative for all ethical judgments rather than speculative or relying facts (Deontology Kant, 2005). Kant’s theory is basically an example of deontological, which judges morality by reviewing the nature of actions and the will of agents rather than goals obtained. The system of deontology is supported by rules and principles, which verify decisions. Kant proposed the categorical imperative, the views that every person should act on only those methods that he or she, as a wise person would direct as popular laws to be pertained to the whole of mankind (Ethical Theories Approaches, 2001). Imperative includes treating others how he or she as a person wants to be treated basically respecting others. Categorical imperatives are essentials: * Actions pass or fail * No grey areas * But the cracks appear in unlikely places (Deontology and Kant, 2005). In the decision making process within the Kantian approach, ethical decisions are based on his or her sense of duty. The word duty is derived from the Greek word Deon (deontological). Duty refers to the acts of a person based on the principles of morality. In this decision making approach a person must make decisions based on what is right rather than the good consequences that will follow. A person must make the morally right decision regardless of the good or bad outcome. Categorical imperative is what determines whether an act is morally right or wrong. The requirements of categorical imperatives are that moral principles are applied by respecting humanity. All humanity is to be respected and no one is allowed to be exploited. In this deontological point of view a person should act rational person and make self-imposed decisions. In conclusion, Kant wants people to understand how to understand the ethical theory that society should follow. If a person is looking for something in return for doing a good deed it is not considered a good deed. If he or she does unto others how they want to be treated then that is the moral duty to do right by everyone. Good will is an important ethical element in Kant’s theory because if a person is not willing to do for others and not expecting anything in return then the nature of things will be chaotic and order will be lost. This is where the decision making process comes into play meaning if society chooses to help others without thinking of what is in it for them than good will has happened. Nature is where everything comes in balance and works in harmony with one another. People are part of nature and following the elements of ethical theory is essential to everyday living in order to live in a peaceful world. Reference Stairs, A. (1997). Kant’s Ethical Theory. Retrieved from https://www. stairs. umd. edu/140/kant. html Ethical Theories and Approaches. (2001). Ethical Theories and Approaches. Retrieved from: http://techsci. msun. edu Deontology and Kant. (2005). Business and Ethical Thinking: An Ethic of Duty. Retrieved from: www. bola. biz.

Racism :: Canadian History, Politics, The Indian Law

The two earlier existing schools, industrial schools and boarding schools, were united into residential schools by the Canadian Government in 1864 (Reimer, 2010:36). Miller (1996) has explained â€Å"the governing of the schools had the form of joint venture between state and church (Roman , Anglican, Methodist or United Church) where the state was responsible for the financing (Miller, 1996:25). ’’ The Canadian Government was responsible directly when it came to establishing residential schools for Aboriginal children. In order to attend residential schools, Aboriginal children were taken away from their families and communities. The proper definition of Aboriginal people or Aboriginal includes Mà ©tis, Inuit, and First Nations regardless of where they live in Canada and regardless of whether they are â€Å"registered† under the Indian Act of Canada (Stout and Kiping, 2003:5). Throughout history First Nations, Inuit, and Mà ©tis people have faced centuries of colonial suppression which has disrupted the process of Aboriginal cultural identity formation. One of the tools of suppression is through the formation of residential schools. At the schools, the children suffered from emotional, physical, sexual and psychological abuse (Stout and Kipling, 2003:8). The trauma to which Aboriginal people were exposed in the past by residential schools continues to have major negative effect to the generations to follow. By the 1840s, the attempts by the churches to â€Å"civilize† Aboriginal people became a matter of official state policy (Claes and Clifton, 1998). This was an era of westward expansion and the government was anxious to prevent any Aboriginal interference with its colonization plans. Subscribing to an ideology that constructed Aboriginal people as backward and savage, government officials believed assimilation was in the population’s best interests (1998; Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, 2000). For example, in 1847, the chief superintendent of education in Upper Canada indicated in a report to the Legislative Assembly that â€Å"education must consist not merely of the training of the mind, but of a weaning from the habits and feelings of their ancestors, and the acquirements of the language, arts and customs of civilized life† (cited in Claes and Clifton, 1998:15). The 1884 amendments to the Indian Act served as a particularly important impetus for growth. On the one hand, they made boarding school attendance mandatory for Native children less than 16 years of age. On the other hand, the revised Act gave authorities the power to arrest, transport and detain children at school, while parents who refused to cooperate faced fines and imprisonment (Claes and Clifton, 1998).

Outline Current Legislation Affecting the Safeguarding of Children and Young People Essay

â€Å"Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children is defined as: †¢protecting children from maltreatment †¢preventing impairment of children’s health or development †¢ensuring children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care. â€Å" (Dept for Education www.education.gov.uk) There are numerous laws and guidelines in place which aim to protect children from harm, and promote their health and wellbeing. The need for improved legislation has been highlighted by high-profile cases, such as the death of Maria Colwell in 1973 and, more recently, Victoria Climbià © in 2000. These cases shocked the nation and showed weaknesses in procedures. These policies are constantly reviewed and amended so it is important to keep up to date with these changes. The Children Act 1989 This Act identifies the responsibilities of parents and professionals who must work to ensure the safety of the child. This Act includes two important sections which focus specifically on child protection. Section 47 states that the Local Authority has ‘a duty to investigate when there is a reasonable cause to suspect that a child is suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm’. Section 17 states that services must be put into place to ‘safeguard and promote the welfare of children within the area who are in need’. The Education Act 2002 This outlines the role of Local Education Authorities (LEAs), governing bodies, head teachers and all those working in schools to ensure that children are safe and free from harm. The Children Act 2004 This is not a replacement of the Children Act 1989. This provides the legal framework for Every Child Matters and sets out the process for providing services in a way which allows every child to achieve the five outcomes of Every Child Matters (described below). It requires local authorities to lead multi-agency children’s trusts, to develop a children and young people’s plan, and to set up a shared database containing information relevant to a child’s welfare. This allows all the organisations involved in children’s welfare to access relevant information and work together to provide the best possible service. Childcare Act 2006 This act aimed to transform early years and childcare services in England. Local authorities are required to: †¢Improve the Every Child Matters outcomes for pre-school children †¢Provide sufficient quality childcare for working parents. †¢Provide a better Parent Information Service. Every Child Matters This was launched in 2002, at least partly in response to the death of Victoria Climbià ©. It is one of the most important policy initiative and development programmes in relation to children and children’s services of the last decade. It has been the title of three government papers, leading to the Children Act 2004. Every Child Matters covers children and young adults up to the age of 19. Its main aims are for every child, whatever their background or circumstances, to have the support they need to: †¢Be healthy  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Stay safe †¢Enjoy and achieve †¢Make a positive contribution †¢Achieve economic well-being Each of these themes has a detailed framework attached whose outcomes require multi-agency partnerships working together to achieve. The agencies in partnership may include children’s centres, early years, schools, children’s social services, primary and secondary health services, and Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHS). In the past it has been argued that children and families have received poorer services because of the failure of professionals to understand each other’s roles or to work together effectively in a multi-disciplinary manner. Every Child Matters seeks to change this, stressing that all professionals working with children should be aware of the contribution that could be made by their own and each others’ services. Protecting children from harm can be best achieved by effective joint and partnership working between agencies. Working Together to Safeguard Children This provides guidance on what you should do if you have concerns about the welfare of a child. It also recommends ways of working for people who work with young people and their families. What to do if You’re Worried a Child is Being Abused (DfES 2003) This is a guide for practitioners, helping them understand how to work together to promote children’s welfare and protect them from harm. It reinforces Every Child Matters by stressing the importance of joint working. United Nations Convention in The Rights of The Child 1989 This treaty sets out the rights and freedoms of all children in a set of 54 articles. Included in those rights are those which ensure that children are safe and looked after. Article 19 states children’s rights to be ‘protected from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse by those looking after them’. Those countries which signed up to the Treaty, including the UK in 1991, are legally bound to implement legislation which supports each of the articles.

Same Sex Marriage - 1418 Words

Gay Couples Should Have the Same Rights As Married Couples Professor PHI 210 June 6, 2013 Same-sex marriage is a topic that has become increasingly more debatable throughout time. America has been said to be the â€Å"land of the free,† but when it comes to homosexual couples, it is far from that. If same-sex marriage was legalized, many positive outcomes could emerge from it; the society would be closer to equality, adoption would increase, gained social support for families would develop, and it would positively affect the economy and tax revenues. In 1993, the first national debate was made in regards to same-sex marriage, which occurred in Hawaii. According to the National Conference of State Legislature (2013), Hawaii†¦show more content†¦The second statement implies that individuals become who they are exposed to, which is a hasty generalization and there is no evidence to back that statement. Janice Langbehn was able to bring the importance of same sex couple benefits to the public eye. Janice Langbehn was denied access to visit her dying par tner in the hospital. Thereafter, President Obama apologized to Janice and informed her of the Presidential Memorandum that was previously signed, which is the extension of benefits to same-sex domestic partners. With that being said, same sex couples should be issued the same benefits as heterosexual couples. Same sex couples can also produce financial gain for both local and state governments because of the generation of tax revenue. This allows the economy to benefit from the legalization of same-sex marriage. According to Jerome Nathaniel (2012), since same-sex marriages were legalized in New York, anywhere from 7,200 to 8,200 gay couples have gotten married in the city; the marriages have brokered in 200,000 out-of-towners, $259 million in economic activity and $16 million in taxes. Even though same-sex marriage should be an equal right, the impact same-sex marriage will make on the economy is significant, which is more than enough reason to legalize it. I was able to conduct a survey in attempt to get into theShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage And Marriage948 Words   |  4 PagesSame-sex marriage and same-sex parenting are comparatively new controversial topics in today’s world and its â€Å"mainstream† morality. I was not exposed to any homosexual â€Å"lifestyle† while growing up. I know that I am strongly traditional in my theological views, nevertheless, I vigorously believe that traditional marriage and parenting are devotional commitments between a man and a woman. Therefore, same-sex marriage and parenting are to me, issues of a society with strong traditional cultural identitiesRead MoreSame Sex Marriage754 Words   |  4 Pages 11/8/06 Argument Essay Same-Sex Marriage: Not a Match for Society Marriage, as defined by Merriam-Webster, is â€Å"the legal relationship into which a man and a woman enter with purpose of making a home and raising a family† (358).Although most people in the United States, including myself, agree on that definition, there are a select few who do not. Some feel same-sex marriage should be legalized; I disagree! I disagree because of its effects on children, its unnaturalness, and its religious immoralityRead Moreno to same-sex marriage!894 Words   |  4 Pageseverything builds up. I Corinthians 10:23 Against Same Sex Marriage - The Six Point Case Each of these six points against same sex marriage will be explained in detail in the following articles. Click on each link for more explanation. Natural marriage is the foundation of a civilized society. Homosexual behavior is inherently destructive. The law is a great teacher, and it encourages or discourages behavior. Government-backed same-sex marriage would encourage and normalize homosexual behaviorRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage 962 Words   |  4 Pagescaucasian because of laws passing interracial marriages around the 20th century due to Loving V. Virginia (Melina Patria). By the 1960s, the women’s rights movement was in full motion switching male and female roles drastically(Human right’s watch). The home may have no longer been spacious and big with the stock market crash of 1929(First Member Century). Its 2013 and there may be another possible alteration; same sex marriage. Even though same sex marriage may be a sensitive issue with people, as aRead MoreSame Sex Marriage1152 Words   |  5 PagesBiological Sex-Marriage: â€Å"An Alteration to Humanity† Submitted by: Ellicia Jiona Candelaria Submitted to: Mrs. Joan Bataclan ABSTRACT Biological Sex-Marriage: â€Å"An Alteration to Humanity† This study describes the advantages and also the disadvantages of couples of the same sex being married. It aims to explore how it affects the society and most importantly the church. Same-sex marriage, popularly known as gay marriage, is a socially or legally reorganized wedlock between two persons of similarRead MoreSame Sex Marriage884 Words   |  4 PagesSame Sex Marriage Is the definition of marriage being threatened in the United States? President Bill Clinton signed the federal Defense of Marriage Act into law on September 21, 1996. This Act defined marriage at the federal level as between a man and a woman. The federal DOMA statute ensured that no state would be forced to recognize gay marriages performed in other states and prevented same-sex couples from receiving federal protections and benefits given to married heterosexual couples. OnRead MoreSame Sex Marriage990 Words   |  4 PagesSupporters of gay marriage argue around the concept of equality in America. Our country is said to be found on the principle that all men are created equal, so that make it hypocritical to deny the rights of homosexuals, as it was hypocritical to deny freedom to African Americans or to prohibit women s suffrage. Supporters also believe that Gays should be allows the same benefits as regular married couples. For instance, only through marriage do same sex couple s have the rights to their partnerRead MoreSame Sex Marriage1120 Words   |  5 PagesSame sex marriage has been a topic on the rise throughout the U.S. It is what some of us may consider one of the more important topics of discussion for this time period. So far 17 states out of 50 have declared same sex marriage legal (States, 2013). Same sex marriage should be legal throughout the U.S. because same sex couples have a civil right to get married, along with a right to have access to the same benefits as heterosexual couples, and to be treated as equals without fear of discriminationRead MoreSame-sex Marriage604 Words   |  2 Pages in the media, same sex marriage has been widely discussed and debated. Some feel it should be legalized, while others believe that it is a sin and should remain illegal. Their are many pros and cons on both sides of this argument, however there are main points leading to why gay marriage should be legal. Legalizing gay marriage will not harm heterosexual marriages or family values, and society will continue to function normally. This is a true statement, because when two people getRead MoreThe Marriage Of Same Sex Marriage941 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, anxiety toward obviously pervasive same-sex unions reached a peak when the state passed a law promising punishment to anyone entering a same-sex marriage. Today, romantic love between same-sex couples remains largely opposed to the political norm in modern-day America, but American tradition provides for some freedom for praiseworthy and devoted same-sex unions within communities, where the elders officially decide what constitutes an acceptable marriage. The idea has precedence in Scandinavia

Cyber Bullying Is More Common Than People - 1393 Words

As young people progress through their adolescent years they often hear, â€Å"sticks and stones may break my bones but, words will never hurt me.† As we have moved into an era that revolves around technology, younger generations become more involved online. People are now connected and exposed in more ways than ever as social media platforms make personal information more accessible. This mantra of sticks and stones hardly applies to the virtual world as cyber bullying rates increase. Due to the increasing rates of cyber bullying related suicides and mass shootings, parents are naturally becoming more concerned for their children’s safety. Many parents have looked to law enforcement and school board administrations to protect their children with stricter laws and punishments for cyber bullying offenses. However, instead of relying on stricter cyber laws and punishments in the event of a tragedy, parents and school board administrations should focus on social media moni toring to protect students and detect signs of distress before a young person acts out in violence. Cyber bullying is more common than people may realize, â€Å"More than 1 in 3 young people have experienced cyberthreats online.† (bullyingstatistics.org). Many victims of cyber bullying and too scared to tell and many bullies feel too empowered to stop. â€Å"Only 1 in 10 teens tells a parent if they have been a cyber bully victim.† (bullyinstatistics.org). It is said that young people often do not fear the consequencesShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying Must Be Improved And Consistent1267 Words   |  6 PagesBridges Ms. Shultz / Mrs. Seymore English 5th Period 28 January 2015 Cyber Bullying Have you ever been cyber bullied? The effects of cyberbullying are greater than many people have come to realize. Cyber bullies have been around for a long time, but technology now gives them a whole new way to get to their victims easier and faster. Cyberbullying is the use of information technology to repeatedly harm or harass other people in a deliberate manner (abouthealth). Cyberbullying happens when kidsRead MoreCyber Bullying : Bullying And Bullying1290 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 5 May 2014 Bullying Bullying is like a disease, it stays within the schools, and community and people are trying to stop it. It destroys the victims that get bullied. Bullying has always been around and there are people trying to prevent it from happening. Bullying is being prevented by clubs and by people taking action. Bullying damages the victims and the computers can cause cyber-bullying also the victims have problems after being bullied. Cyber bullying and it keeps people hooked on computerRead MoreHow is Cyber Bullying Done? Essay621 Words   |  3 Pages Think about it? How is Cyber Bullying Done? To find an answer to this question is hard. Cyber bullying is done in many different ways around the world. Cyber bullying can happen anywhere at any time, even in places where you normally feel safe, such as home. Allot of cyber bullying can be done anonymously, you may not be sure who is targeting you. Since cyber bullies cant see your reaction, they will often go much further in their harassment or ridicule then they would face to face with youRead MoreEssay about Cyber Bullying1223 Words   |  5 Pagesbut to those who have been or are currently victims of cyber bullying words can be the difference between life and death. â€Å"Words hurt, and they hurt much more when repeated in the echo chamber of the Internet.† (Rep. Linda Sanchez via FoxNews.com) There are at least 4 examples in the United States wher e cyber-bullying has been linked to the suicide of a teenager [1]. What is Cyber Bullying? Cyber bullying is defined as â€Å"bullying through information and communication technologies, mediumsRead MoreBullying Effects900 Words   |  4 PagesCauses and Effects of Bullying Every year, approximately 7 percent of students report to being bullied (â€Å"Physical†). Most people know bullying is wrong, but it continues to play a dominating role in the lives of adolescents. Whether the bullying was done by spreading rumors, calling someone names or through the Internet, there are many different causes of bullying, why it occurs, and how it effects the victim. The causes of bullying can influence how the bully decides to target a victim. VictimsRead MoreCyber Bullying And Social Media876 Words   |  4 PagesBullying and Social Media Virtual harassment is a common and growing occurrence, and offline intimidation has continually been and remains to be a problem. Bullying of all kinds peaks in Middle School and in greatest cases spills off by College age, when scholars are more self-regulating and more developed. Shortage of organization amongst school staff, parents and scholars make cyber- and offline bullying a constant risk to young people s assurance and well-being. The U.S. Department of HealthRead MoreIs Bullying A Serious Problem?1683 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of the Problem Bullying has been an ongoing problem all over the world for as long as people can remember. Bullying by definition is, to use superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Bullying is a very serious problem, victims of bullying are more prone to depression. Bullying does not affect just one group, it can happen to anyone making it a prevalent threat to all of society. Approximately 160,000 teens skip school everyRead MoreEfforts to Fight Cyber Bullying1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthat mimic its treacherous definitional predecessors. The click of a mouse has cause youthful individuals to commit suicide and live lifestyles that are indulged in depression. Cyber bullying is a fairly new type of violence and this is why it is so hard to counter. One of the most prominent forms of counter-cyber bullying that the United States implements is through legislations, which have resulted in mixed results. Psychologist and Sociologist agree that the negative reinforcement approach doesn’tRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreWhy Do Cyber Bullying Laws Need to Be Enforced?841 Words   |  4 PagesWhy do Cyber Bullying Laws Need to be Enforced? Several middle school students in western New York created a Facebook event invitation Oct. 21, and they invited 60 of their friends to participate in a plan to torment the sixth-grader the next day. As the result, 10 accepted the invitation and some of the students posted offensive comments; one even proposed to kill the boy. When the mother of the proposed victim found out about that, she contacted to school officials. This is common news for many

Essay about Jb Hi-Fi Financial Analysis - 2747 Words

JB Hi Fi Ltd Company Analysis Report Executive Summary The impact of a company’s financial statement depends mainly on the company’s business strategy; both transactional and operational, its industry profile and the nature of its competitive environment. This report analyses 15 ratios of JB Hi-Fi’s financial performance and suggests a recommendation for investors. JB Hi-Fi Limited (JBH) is a specialty discount retailer of branded home entertainment products. The groups products fall into consumer electronics, car sound systems, music, Digital Versatile Disc’s (DVD’s) and white-goods. JB Hi-Fi Limited achieved revenue growth of 17%, EBIT growth of 23% and NPAT growth of 26% for the year ended in 30 June 2010†¦show more content†¦Hence, JBH has more inventories and less liquidity than other companies in retail industry. In order to increase liquidity it needs to increase its cash by converting assets into cash (sales). Additionally, as a quick sell retail company, JBH does not give large credit sales to its customers, instead most of sales are made by cash or cash equivalent. This gives the company less account receivables and bad debts. As such a lower quick ratio than industry average is common and should not raise any liquidity issues. 2.2.1 Activity The Activity ratios help to determine the company’s ability to convert different sectors of the balance sheet into cash or sales (Potter, Libby, Libby amp; Short; 2010). The ratios used under this test are; Days inventory, Days Receivable, Fixed Asset Turnover, Total Asset Turnover and Days Payable. Table 2: Days inventory Method 1 | Formula | Equation | Ratio | Inventory turnover (2010) | | | 8.16 | Inventory turnover (2011) | | | 7.27 | Average days to sell inventory (2010) | | | 44.7 | Average days to sell inventory (2010) | | | 50.2 | Average days to sell inventory (2010) | | | 50.2 | Table 3: Days inventory Method 2 | Formula | Equation | Ratio | Inventory turnover (2010) | | | 6.48 | Inventory turnover (2011) | | | 6.22 | Average days to sell inventory (2010) | | | 56.3 | Average days to sell inventory (2011) | | | 58.7 | Table 4: Days receivable, Fixed assetShow MoreRelatedJb Hi-Fi Financial Analysis Essay3058 Words   |  13 PagesFinancial Analysis The question asks us to compare and evaluate JB Hi-Fi’s calculated ratio report, with that of the retail industry ratio report (Potter, Libby, Libby, Short p. 1133). The retail ratio report is comprised of a basket of listed companies which operate under the retail banner, which makes it relevant to use as a comparison to JB Hi-Fi. 1. Liquidity ratios are a class of financial metrics that is used to determine a companys ability to pay off its short-terms debts obligationsRead MoreFinancial Performance Of Jb Hi Fi Limited1732 Words   |  7 PagesStatement of Purpose In this report, we are going to analyse the financial performance of JB Hi-Fi Limited (JBH), over the past three years (2012 to 2014), by calculating a series of ratios, using different historical data provided by audited financial reports. A period of three years has been selected for the financial analysis of the company as trend results generated over several periods are much more meaningful than that from a single year balance sheet and income statements. Moreover, afterRead MoreStudy Of Financial Statement Structure Of A Retail Company Jb Hi Fi1564 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment involves the study of financial statement structure of a retail company JB Hi-Fi which is listed on Australian Stock exchange. The report aims at understanding and stating the financial position and financial performance of the company and its utilization for the investors and internals in decision making process. The report is prepared on the basis of data extracted from the annual report for year 201 4 of the company. The report consists of financial statement analysis and a case study solutionRead MoreCorporate Reporting Under The Corporations Act 20011529 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies may be viewed as sneaky and troublesome. JB Hi-Fi has established an Audit and Risk Management Committee (ARM) as stated in their annual reports. This committee meets regularly and are independent of the company as they are non-executive directors. To further demonstrate JB Hi-Fi’s integrity, Deloitte Australia is used as an independent auditing company to additionally declare the annual financial reports as unbiased, factual and honest. As JB Hi-Fi is transparent in their corporate reportingRead MoreJb Hi Fi The Vision, Mission, Values And Challenges Facing The Organization1352 Words   |  6 Pagesthe organization JB Hi-Fi the vision, mission, values and challenges facing the organization, while identifying and analyzing the business. It will also feature a SWOT report followed by and over view of the organizations issues. Lastly the report will look into current and ongoing HR issues within the organization. Background JB Hi-Fi is an Australian retailer of consumer electronics it began in 1974, where Mr. John Barbuto (JB) established JB Hi-Fi in East Keilor, Victoria. His main focus was toRead MoreA Brief Note On Human Resource Management ( Hrm ) Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pages JB Hi Fi A company always requires a good management to succeed in the long run. Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources. It is a procedure or arrangement of proceeding and related exercises. It involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals. It reaches these goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources. Some think little of the significance of administration inRead MoreJb Hifi and Harvey Norman Comparision3085 Words   |  13 Pagesreport is to compare the financial report of the two ASX listed companies they are Harvey Norman and JB Hi-Fi. It provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and previous profitability, liquidity and financial stability of both companies. Methods of analysis include financial ratio analysis for example profitability and performance ratio, liquidity ratio, financial and stability ratio by reviewing the financial report of two companies. It also review the industry analysis, highlighting the sizeRead MoreHarvey Norman and JB Hi-Fi financial compariosn2724 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ Table of Contents Assignment Objective: The main aim of this assignment is to present an exploration of two major parts of financial statements i.e. Statement of Comprehensive income and statement of financial position. This is done by comparing elements of Balance Sheet and income statement of two separate companies and discussing similarities and difference of Presentation and Disclosures of these two separate organizations. Furthermore, discussing different methodsRead MoreJB HI FI Analysis3850 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿ JB Hi-Fi is a well-known and successful cooperation that majors in house hold appliances, technological goods and the stock shares, the JB Hi-Fi Cooperation was established in 1974 by Mr. John Barbuto (JB), trading from a single store in East Keilor, Victoria. Since then JB Hi-Fi was sold independently in 1983 from there on the business grew. In 1999 another nine stores were opened nationwide. Shortly thereafter In July 2000 JB Hi-Fi was purchased yet again by private equity bankers and seniorRead MoreJb-Hifi Analysis Report6189 Words   |  25 PagesExecutive Summary JB Hi-Fi is an entertainment and consumer electronics chain store, providing a range of branded home electronic products and music records. The electronic industry is experiencing growth over the last few years mainly due to the introduction of a handful of electronic gadget which captures the attention of consumer. However, this growth focused on a few products such as smart phones, tablet, and music player while the rest of the products are slowing in terms of growth. Despite

Scientific method Free Essays

string(118) " for this reason that a research will be conducted to find out if there are customer services at College of Medicine\." They yet forget another important component which is also supposed to be ffered by the libraries if they are to sustain and increase their membership. This important component is customer care. According to Jamier L. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific method or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scott (2002), from Wikipedia defines customer care service as a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction – that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer expectation. Thus the customer should feel at home when he or she is in the library and should leave while they are contented that they have really been assisted. Customer care is the watchword in both private and public sectors as e move into the service age of 21st century (De Saez, 2002:126). The client is firmly at the centre of missions and strategic policies. Libraries and information services must demonstrate this constantly and consistently if they are to succeed. The need to feel that one is respected is vital to an individual’s concept of self. De Saez (2002:66) argues that a welcoming atmosphere can be created by staff well trained in customer care. This means that I ibrary statt should be knowledgeable in customer care and should see to it that they maintain welcoming environment at all times. Library ustomers or users should be welcomed warmly. De Saez (2002:75) further suggests that however, all library employees be encouraged to recognise their very real role as salespeople for the organisation. Their role will be to make a customer care a high- level priority, presenting a professional face at all times to establish and develop good public relations. Kotler†¦ et al (2008: n. ) says that todays companies are going beyond designing strategies to attract new customers and create transactions with them. Companies are now using customer relations management to retain customers nd build profitable, long-term relationship with them. Likewise libraries should use customer relations management, customer care inclusive, to retain their customers or attract new members or users. Once a customer is mistreated and disappointed, he would not want to come back and will definitely be discouraging others from coming to the library sighting his experience of mistreatment as an example. Library staffs need to be nice to their users if they are to continue patronizing the libraries. Rice (1997:17) also argues that if you do not care for your customers you will surely go ut of business. The customer will definitely go where they feel that they are welcomed. This implies that in case of a library they will shun coming to the library and prefer other information sources like the internet where they will not meet hostility. So if people do not come to the library then the library will be dysfunctional. Therefore it is as well very important nowadays, like in any other business institutions for librarians to observe customer care in libraries. 1. 2 Background College of Medicine (COM) is one of the five constituent colleges of University of Malawi. Other colleges are the Polytechnic in Blantyre, Chancellor College in Zomba, Bunda College of Agriculture in Lilongwe and Kamuzu College of Nursing with campuses in Lilongwe and Blantyre. COM was established in 1991 and enrolled returning students from abroad. Before the College was established, medical students were being sent to Australia, South Africa and the United Kingdom. With the establishments of College of Medicine, the country is now training its own doctors locally. The students’ mode of enrollment is in two phases. The first group is that of premedical students. This refers to O-level students. They study A-level science subjects like mathematics, chemistry, biology and physics. After successful completion, they are enrolled for five years in the medical course. The other group is that of students with A-level science subjects obtained from Chancellor College, Kamuzu Academy or any other high school. These students are enrolled straight into the first year of medical course for five years. COM like any other institution of higher learning has a library at its campus. It is situated along Mahatma Ghandi road. For the first ten years, the library operated from the Polytechnic library complex until October 2000 when it moved to its present location (Mangumbi, 2006:1-2). The library is relatively small and a new and bigger one is under construction which is expected to be occupied by the end of the year 2010. The mission of the library is to support teaching, learning and research activities for the college by providing up-to-date information resources and promoting effective usage of library facilities. The community that the college of medicine serves is composed of the following. All academic, academic related and administration staff; All registered students ot the college tor the entire duration ot their study; Members f University of Malawi; All college of Medicine members of staff; Visiting lectures, research fellows and other visitors; Interns and other medical personnel and external paid up members. The COM library offers various services to its clientele. These are lending services (long loan and short loan), Reference services, Malawiana and interlibrary services Just to mention a few. In its holding the library also offers electronic resources like e-books and subscribes to online Journals through the Malawi Library and Information Consortium (MALICO), WHO and INASP. The collection includes CD-ROMs and DVDs hich are also lent to people. (College of Medicine 2009 Prospectus) 1. 3 Statement of the problem Although a library may provide a number of services to its clientele it is very important to serve these customers with courtesy and satisfy their needs in a friendly environment. No matter how well stocked the library may be, if it has hostile staff and environment then members will not be attracted to the resources. They will definitely shun the library and opt for other information sources. Not only that, with information overload such as that available through the internet, some people may ot hesitate to stop patronizing the library if they feel are being ill treated at the library. It is for this reason that a research will be conducted to find out if there are customer services at College of Medicine. You read "Scientific method" in category "Papers" The research will find out how clients are being treated if they come to the library. If they have a query, how are they assisted? Are they treated warmly and with courtesy? 1. Aim of the Research The research aims at finding out if the customer care services are available at College of Medicine Library. 1. 5 Specific Research Objectives 1. To find out the customer care services at College of Medicine Library 2. To find out if library staff are always friendly 3. To find out if library staff are eager to assist library users. 4. To find out user satisfaction, 5. To find out how library staff treat customers. 6. To find out if queries are solved peacefully and amicably. 1. 6 Research Questions 1 . How do library staffs welcome you in the library i. e are you greeted when you reach the counter? . Are they always willing and eager to assist when you need a special help at the counter or in the library in general? 3. How do you rate friendliness of staffs? 4. Which group of library staff is friendly? . Do you have any suggestion on how best the library can improve its customer care services? 1. 7 Significance of the Study The study will assist the library management to make recommendations in coming up with plans on how to improve the customer care services in order to retain its clientele and encourage those that are graduating to continue being members and patronize the library. Scope and Limitations Since the research will only focus on students, the findings will not reflect the real results that are on the ground. It would have been better if the research involved all ossible library members. Lack of enough time and money will also be a limiting factor to this research. 3. 0 METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a process whereby data is collected for the research project. It is simply a set of procedures and methods used to carry out a research. Macmillan and Schumacher (1997:n. ) define research methodology as a design whereby a researcher selects data collection instruments and uses analysis procedures to investigate specific research problems. On the other hand, research methodologies according to Powell and Connaway (2004:286-287) refer to strategies urrounding the use of multiple methods of data collection as required by different types of attempts to achieve higher degree of reliability and validity. This involves gathering the opinions of people on a particular topic. Neuman (2000:122) has divided methodology into categories thus quantitative and qualitative. Qualitative research stresses the experiences and meanings of phenomenon. While quantitative puts emphasis on the empirical exploration and explanation of phenomenon, where generalization from the sample to population is the goal (Newman Benz, 1998 n p). This research will use quantitative and qualitative methods to allow the researcher to get the in-depth information form students on how they are treated in the library. 3. 1 Research Method This basically is the specific method that is used in a research. Social sciences use various methods in research but the common one is survey method. Powell Connaway (2004:61) define research method as specific means of collecting data. One of the research methods used in social science is survey. Survey is the research strategy where one collects data from all or part of a population to assess the relative ncidence, distribution and interrelations of naturally occurring variables (Powell 2004:61). Aina and AJiferuke (2002:32) observe that a social survey research involves a systematic and comprehensive collection of information about the opinions, attitudes, feelings, beliefs and behavior of people. Therefore this research will use survey method as it is widely used in social sciences, and library and information science being one of them. It is also flexible because a wide range of data can be collected. 3. 2 Target Population According to Powell (2004:84) population is the total of all cases that conform to a re-specified criterion or set of criteria. He further states that the population is the aggregate of units to which one wishes to generalize the results of a research study. Since COM is still young, its population is not as big as its other sister colleges. It has the population of 585 students in its various programs. So this means that the population of this research will be based on the population of the college which is 585 students. The population of the students is presented in table below. Table 1: Population size for students COURSE NUMBER OF STUDENTS Premedical Students 160 Pharmacy Students 71 Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS ) Students 298 Medical Laboratory Science 51 Total number of Students Source: College of Medicine library user’s register, May 2010 3. Sampling Methods Sample as defined by Lo Biondo-Wood and Haber (1998:250) is a portion or a subset of research population selected to participate in a study, representing the research population. Stratified simple random will be used to get the participants. In this method the population will be divided into strata. The population of students will be divided according to courses, levels of study, male and female and then selected randomly. The method is advantageous because it guarantees fair representation of different segments of population and biasness is minimized. 3. Sample Size Chowdhury (2008:83) defines sample as the sub-group of a population to be studied. Sample is a small amount of something or quantity or part of something to be used for study in a research. But Powell (2004:193) defines sample as a selection of units from the total population to be studied. Leedy and Ormrod (2005:207) argues that the larger the sample, the smaller the amount of sampling error. However, a larger sample does not guarantee good results if it is not well represented. The sample size of the students will be calculated at 20% to have a good representation. Table 2 below illustrates the sample size. Table 2: Sample size 32 Pharmacy students 14 Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Students 59 Medical Laboratory Technology 10 Total number of students 115 3. 5 Research Instruments According to Aina (2004), data collection instruments are instruments used to collect data. Seaman (1991:42) defines data collection instruments as devices used to collect data such as questionnaires, tests, structured interview schedules and checklist. Questionnaires will be used to gather data trom participants tor this study. They have been chosen because they have an advantage of giving respondents an opportunity to respond at their convenient time. Not only that, but are also quick and simple method of reaching a large sample of people. The questionnaires will contain both open and closed ended questions so as to cater for both qualitative and quantitative techniques. 3. 6 Data Collection Procedures Data is information obtained during the course of investigation or study (Polit ; Hungler 1999:267). The questionnaires will be distributed to students who will be dvised not to write their names. The questionnaires will be self-administered by the researcher. 3. 7 Pre-Testing of Research Instruments To ensure reliability and validity, the questionnaires will be tested before distributing them to respondents. 3. 8 Ethical Consideration To ensure confidentiality, all questions will not bear names of the respondents. However, numbers will be assigned on each questionnaire for participants to remain anonymous. As Polit and Hungler (1999:132-134) advise that researchers need to exercise care that the rights of individuals and institutions are safeguarded. Permission will be sought from the College of Medicine Registrar to conduct the study. And also legal and ethical issues regarding this research will be observed. 3. 9 Data Analysis Data analysis is the technique used to interpret, organize and present data that has been collected. Powell (2004:53) defines data analysis as the process of analyzing the data gathered basically involves coding the responses or placing each item in the appropriate category tabulating the data and performing appropriate statistical computation. The data from questionnaires will be checked and processed using. How to cite Scientific method, Papers Scientific Method Free Essays Research Why arena the lights coming on? Part of the research In this step Involves going to he lamp on the side table in the hallway and attempting to turn it on as well as turning another light switch on to see if the lights will come on via either of these options. However, the lights remain off. So it is on to the next step – hypothesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now Step 3: Hypothesis It is my theory that the lights are out in my apartment because the switch for the lights In the front portion of the apartment In the breaker box has been tripped to the â€Å"off’ position. I need to test this hypothesis to see if it is true or false and I predict that my hypothesis will be true. The next step is experimentation. Step 4: Experimentation After feeling my way along the wall to the kitchen and locating the drawer with my tools, I open the drawer, feel for the flashlight, grab it and turn it on. Next, I must turn the first light switch to the â€Å"on† position and then proceed to the breaker box In the laundry room. I open the breaker box door and locate the switch for hall lights and I can see that the switch is in the â€Å"off’ position. I turn it on and the lights come on in the hall. Step 5: Conclusion Since the experiment proved the hypothesis to be true and the lights did indeed turn on once the breaker switch was turned on, no further experimentation needs to be one and no further revision of the hypothesis is needed. Therefore, the answer to the question â€Å"why aren’t the lights coming on? † Is that the switch In the breaker box was In the â€Å"off† position. Scenario 2 After dinner and getting my son settled for bed, I get myself ready to log into the Kaplan website to post to the discussion boards. I power on my desktop computer and after walling for It to boot up, I click on the Internet icon. Instead of my Internet homepage, there Is an error message that the weapon could not open. Do not panics Do not throw the computer out the window. Instead, I remain calm and insult the scientific method. I remember the steps and begin. Step 1: Observation The weapon did not open upon clicking the internet icon. Closing and reopening a new window did not work either. A little more Investigative work Is needed to help determine a theory as to why an Internet weapon Is not opening on my desktop. So, Closing and reopening a new window did not work either. I look at the back of the computer and the power outlet and all the cords are plugged in and seem to be in their proper slots. I realize further research is necessary to determine the cause of the weapon failing to open. I check the network connections in the control panel menu of the computer and all connections are connected. The lights on the modem are blinking when they should be solidly lit. I am ready to state a hypothesis. Step 3: Hypothesis It is my theory that if an internet weapon will not open upon clicking the internet explorer icon, then it is because the modem is offline. The next step is experimentation. Step 4: Experimentation Powering the modem off and back on could prompt the modem to return to online status. However, the modem remains offline so I conclude that it is not the modem hat is the problem. I have to revise my hypothesis and develop a new experiment. Revised Hypothesis: An internet weapon will not open upon clicking the internet explorer icon because my internet service is unavailable. Revised Experiment: I contact Technical Support for my internet service provider and was informed that there is an internet outage in my area. Therefore, I can conclude my experiment. Each one is different but they are all correct. There are many aspects to science from biological, chemical and physical to geological, social and astronomical and that is not all of them. Science is all around us and in everything. It is the method in which we use to measure and evaluate our environment and surroundings (Truffle, peg. 4). In my environment, my little piece of this world, I have my son, an apartment and a vehicle, Just to name a few. Biological and medical science has taught doctors how to care for women during pregnancy and labor and delivery. Through these facets, I have my son. That is one impact. Physics and chemistry were combined in ways to make cement, plaster, shoetrees, roofing and windows. These elements strategically placed together create homes in which we depend on as helter. My apartment is the current home for me and my son so there is a second impact. Mechanics, engineering, chemistry and physics are all involved in the invention of the automobile which we depend on daily to transport us from home to work and back home and on to other activities and hot spots that we enjoy. I have a reliable vehicle so there is the third impact of science on my life. There is a fourth impact and it is one that has made it possible for me to live today and hope for consequences touched my life in a way that brought me to my knees. It was January 010 and I finally decided to have a persistent cough checked out at the urgent care clinic. I fully expected the doctor to tell me I had developed pneumonia from the three previous bouts of strep throat and influenza Just two months prior. To my dismay and shock, I was told a mass was seen next to my lung pressing up on the airway causing the cough and also protruding against my aorta, I was being admitted for surgery and lastly told to call some friends for support. Two days later, after a surgical biopsy had been performed, I was given the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma. A few weeks later chemotherapy and radiation treatments began. I finished all treatments by August 18, 2010 and have been given a clean bill of health. As I recalled that season in my life and where I am now, I could not help but question the invention and origins of the methods of treatment used to fight cancer. Who discovered chemotherapy? When was it discovered? How has it evolved and improved since its inception as a mode of cancer treatment? And how does it work to destroy cancer? Two scientists, Louis S. Goodman and Alfred Gillian, are credited with the discovery that mustard gas used in World War II was found to suppress retain cells in the body which soon led to scientists to using nitrogen mustard to suppress the division of malignant cells in lymphomas (History). Since its discovery and use in the original form of a gas, science has improved chemotherapy in ways such as liquid form for intravenous injection and pill form for oral intake. Also, there are now many types of chemotherapy drugs, each specific as to how they destroy malignant cells and which types of malignancy respond best to the drug. It is not just medical science that has impacted my life but also cosmetology and aesthetics s well. During and after treatment, my skin and hair changed and it was a different line of makeup and hair products that have helped me to regain confidence in my physical appearance. These products had to be of benefit for the issues I was facing from chemotherapy and radiation and thankfully, scientists listened to the needs of the population and sought after solutions. Before Hodgkin lymphoma, my day began by an alarm clock buzzing, a shower, preparing breakfast, styling my hair and applying makeup, and getting dressed. Once out the door, I got in my car, turned the notion to start the car, dropped my son off at school and headed to my Job. Some days I would stop for gas and maybe a coffee. At work, I used a computer to transmit emails, upload documents to an external website, word processing. Some phone calls were made both outgoing and incoming. At the end of the day, it was back to my car to head home. I would pick my son up from the aftershock sitter and make our way home. While he was doing homework, I was preparing dinner. After dinner and homework was completed, some nights we would watch a show from the DVD, while other nights we would play with his Logos, building elaborate sets. Since completing treatment, my day is pretty much the same with the addition of online classes which I now take and the addition of a medication regimen that I adhere to in the evenings. This medication is to tend to a side effect from the radiation I received which I will manage for the rest of my life. There are several aspects of science that interplay in my daily routine and activities including biology, chemistry, microbiology, pathology, automotive, electrical, social and physical. There are not any negative which were minor and resolved very shortly after its completion. And radiation to my Hess has caused my thyroid to work less efficiently than before and I will manage these side effects for the remainder of my life. How to cite Scientific Method, Papers Scientific method Free Essays Polling Paradise- Ecocide in New Zealand The documentary â€Å"Polling Paradise- Ecocide In New Zealand† was produced by the Graff Boys’ to Inform New Sealant’s general public of the negative aspects and dangers of the use of 1080. Brothers Steve and Clyde Graff are attempting to display that 1080 use is bad and the reasons as to why they were â€Å"concerned at the ever increasing use of 1080†. The Graff brothers grew up around Tee aware National Park, exposed to an outdoor lifestyle and hunting from a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific method or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since, they have been reading a series of hunting and outdoor documentaries. As a result of their great hunting interest and background, the Graff brothers may be biased towards their views on 1080 use as it kills potential game, including deer and possum. The purpose of the information is therefore to convince the audience that 1080 is bad, and to showcase negative consequences of 1080. This personal agenda of the Graff boys Is presented to the public using examples of people with animals affected by 1080 as well as a variety of scientist’s and other farmer’s opinions. All of these sources hold animal views on 1080 use and reinforce a negative stance on the poison. Spectacles In the design and evaluation of scientific research, Dry. Quinn Whiting-Coffee presents the most important piece of biological information in the documentary which was originally found from a study in 2009. He stated that, â€Å"New Zealand drops into its forests about keg of pure 1080 per year, enough to kill 20 million people on a per acre basis. This is 350 times more [1080] than Australia and 22000 times the rest of the world. † The fact that this exhibits that 1080 is capable of killing this amount of people on its own results in the rethinking over the use of 1080 humans, because of our basic survival instincts. Furthermore, because of Dry. Q Whiting-Coffee being qualified In analyzing Information his results can be found valid and reliable, hence also unbiased. The piece of Information from Dry. Q Welting-Coffee relates New Sealant’s use of 1080 to the wider world enabling a fair comparison. The amount of 1080 he reveals to be dropped is proven to be reasonably valid, with statistics In scientist Alexis Mari Pieta’s report stating an average of 2000-keg of 1080 is dropped each year. Although, the way in which the Graff brothers have presented his information in the documentary has manipulated the way we understand it, so as we view it in a negative sense. They leave out information in â€Å"Poisoning Paradise- Ecocide in New Zealand† that depicts positive aspects of the poison, including that it is being used to kill greatly unwanted pests. The claims made as to the amount of 1080 which is dropped In New Zealand each year can be seen as valid although the Graff brothers do not touch on what all of that keg of sass’s effects are, possibly exterminating any views that 1080 is positive In their documentary. The second most Important piece of biological Information displayed In the documentary was the account from Anthem Thomson, on viewing a doe die from 1080 poisoning. ‘The most horrific death I have ever witnessed on any poor animal. † This piece of information results in the manipulation of the use of 1080 opinions. We can confirm that this is a true depiction of what happens when they die from The World League for protection of animals who state, â€Å"the animal suffers a prolonged and horrific death. † Therefore this biological information is accurate, able to confirm it with different sources. With this biological information, the Graff brothers are able to misguide the public into formulating an unreliable conclusion that 1080 must be a horrific poison, which always results in deer being killed and should not be used. Hence, this biological information can be seen as biased as Anthem Thomson clearly is against 1080 use having had animals become susceptible to it and the Graff boys only depict one side of the story. They do not illustrate any points or evidence which is pro-1080, misguiding the public into being ineligible to form their own accurate conclusions on the matter. As a final point, although statistics displayed by the Graff brothers were able to be confirmed as accurate, they have not provided sufficient evidence to balance the negative and positive aspects of 1080. As the Graff boys deliver a biased documentary, where no advantages are displayed, the public is led to believe that the use 1080 is in no way beneficial. As a result of the facts portrayed by the Graff Boys in the documentary, the public is not able to determine correctly whether 1080 use is right or wrong. 2) An updated review of the toxicology and ichthyology of Sodium Fluorescent (1080) in relation to its use as a pest control tool in New Zealand The scientific Journal article, â€Å"An updated review of the toxicology and ichthyology of Sodium Fluorescent (1080) in relation to its use as a pest control tool in New Zealand† was written by Charles Season, Arrow Miller and Shawn Gillie from the Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Lincoln University along with Arthur Firewater from the Department of Conservation. The review was written with the intended audience being the scientific community, in order to splay all benefits and detriments which the use of 1080 involves. As Season, Miller and Gillie are all qualified university scientists and researchers, they would hold an unbiased opinion on 1080, being interested in the research and not providing any preferred outcome. It is probable that being from the Department of Conservation, Firewater will be pro-1080 and therefore slightly biased, but in conjunction with the other authors the review will overall become unbiased, therefore valid and reliable. In addition, as it is a scientific Journal article, the review would have been peer reviewed and verified. Because of this we can assume that all facts provided are reliable and would have been cross-checked. The purpose of this review is to evaluate and analyses how effective 1080 is as a pest control tool in New Zealand and in doing so, to provide information on both the positive and negative aspects of 1080 use, from a neutral perspective. This is indicated in the conclusion of the review, reiterating the stance of the article, â€Å"The benefits of 1080 use in conservation, pest control, and disease control need to be weighed alongside the risks of using 1080 and alternative techniques for pest control. The most important piece of biological information in the article states, â€Å"Adverse effects of 1080 use are outweighed by ecosystem protection and the reduction of pest impacts on native species. † This piece of information is the most important as it states as a scientific, unbiased and researched fact that possible negative effects of 1080 use, of which a controversial through the reduction of pests brought about by 1080. We can be certain that this statement is valid as it can also be found on the Forest and Bird New Sealant’s website in the 1080 facets. Forest and Bird NZ is a trusted, reliable organization, Hereford encouraging that this piece of biological information is valid. It states that â€Å"Far more native birds are killed by possums, rats and stoats than by 1080†, reinforcing the point made in the article that adverse effects of 1080 use, such as the possibility of birds eating the poison, are far outweighed by ecosystem protection and ultimately the reduction of animals such as possums, rats and stoats (pests). This biological statement allows the audience an input towards a decision on the use of 1080, as it is a valid and reliable declaration. The second most important piece of illogical information displayed was â€Å"Considerable care must be taken when using 1080 to ensure that the risks of its use are outweighed by ecological benefits achieved. † This is confirmed in a report from The Environmental Risk Management Authority, who concluded that the benefits of using 1080 clearly outweighed the risks, subject to strict controls. Therefore, we can be sure of the accuracy of this biological information and can confirm it as a reliable statement. This concluding statement emphasizes the scientific Journal article’s neutral position on 1080 use, in that it is essential for negatives to be assessed according to the positives with the intention of then being able to make a Justified decision. It Juxtaposes the information presented in the review, which depicts the advantages and disadvantages of 1080 use with an unbiased opinion. Therefore, the scientific audience is able to reach a valid conclusion which they can be sure is without any bias and is accurate and reliable. The statistics and statements demonstrated in the article can be found to be legitimate, allowing the decision to be completed as to the usage of 1080. How to cite Scientific method, Papers